colourful zone

A BREADTH OF OPPORTUNITY

Mon, 12 Nov 2007 00:28:22 GMT

By Linda Anderson

Monday, February 05, 2007

Investment

banking has always been considered one of the traditional homes of an MBA.

The sector offers ��a breadth of opportunity and the capacity to progress your career rapidly,�� says Graham Hastie, director of career services at London Business School.

The appeal has not been lost on the LBS MBA class of 2006, with 42 per cent of MBAs opting for careers in the financial services sector. However, although investment banking retains its grip on the majority of LBS students �C 23 per cent, Mr Hastie says other areas are attracting interest.

Of the class of 2006, 6 per cent of students went into private equity or venture capital, 4 per cent into retail or private banking. A further 4 per cent went into asset management, corporate or commercial banking drew 4 per cent and the remaining 1 per cent moved into other financial areas.

However, Mr Hastie adds that, in spite of ��huge demand�� from students for positions in private equity, it remains a very small industry, in that openings are few and far between. While investment banking offers a structured career path, this is not the case with private equity, he says. Opportunities occur through networking and personal connections.

Private equity, he says, allows more room for creativity because it is a very varied sector �C fund raising for investment purposes or looking for opportunities in which to invest, for example. But only a few students each year secure a placement.

The hedge fund, investment management, private equity and wealth management sectors are also turning the heads of MBA students at the Judge Business School, Cambridge. ��Competition in this area of the job market is often fierce,�� says Cathy Butler, director of MBA careers at the school �C although tenacious MBAs can be successful, she adds.

There is a similar trend at Wharton in the US, where 5.5 per cent of the class of 2007 have accepted summer internships with hedge funds or other investments. This compares with 3.1 per cent of the class of 2006 who accepted full-time jobs in that sector.

The private equity/venture capital/buy-outs sector also shows more interest from this year's Wharton interns �C 7.8 per cent compared with 6.8 per cent of the class of 2006 who accepted job offers.

At Kenan-Flagler, Susan Amey, director of the MBA career management sector, says student demand for private equity placements outstrips job offers, with only one or two students from the school securing a job each year. To try to satisfy this demand, the school runs the Carolina Venture Fellows programme, which each year places a select few students in an apprenticeship with a venture capital firm.

��The days when traders were the poor relations of their investment banker cousins are now behind us,�� says Lindsay McQuade, head of postgraduate employment at Cass Business School in London. ��With the explosion of derivatives and record profits being made on trading floors across the city, front office professionals are spreading their influence at the most senior levels.��

One consequence of this, she adds, has been a rise in demand for in-depth quantitative skills, supplied by highly numerate students with MScs.

Ellen Miller, head of European graduate recruitment and development for Lehman Brothers, has also noted this trend. She recruits about 50 MBAs each year in Europe as summer interns, with roughly half placed in investment banking and the rest in capital markets or, in small numbers, investment management. Between 60 to 75 per cent of interns subsequently receive job offers.

However, while MBA recruitment into investment banking has remained fairly static, the investment bank is taking on more and more analysts. Many of these have masters in management degrees �C ��a fantastic degree,�� she says.

In many ways, Ms Miller adds, students with masters degrees are easier to place since they come from a larger pool and enter at a lower level.

In Europe, she notes, the gap between MBAs and masters students is diminishing since many of the latter are aged 24/25 and have intern experience embedded in their degree. ��So hiring MBAs to place in a generalist pool is more difficult now and the role of the MBA is even more in question.��

The growing demand for students with quantitative skills is certain to continue, fuelled by the US Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (MiFid) which have increased regulation and sparked demand for experts in related fields.

MBAs are looking beyond investment banking into these sectors. But whether they can fight off their rivals with masters degrees to enter fields that are small and competitive remains to be seen.

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POTENT IN A GLOBAL MARKET

Mon, 12 Nov 2007 00:26:50 GMT

By Anthony Hopwood

Monday, February 05, 2007

Despite

repeated criticisms, the MBA remains a popular qualification for a career in business. Even though some well known gurus have joined the critical chorus, the supply of talented people wanting the qualification continues to grow. Does the international cadre of MBA students know something the mighty critics do not? I think they do.

An MBA offers three distinct advantages. First, it provides access to new knowledge. A good programme gives insight into the knowledge that has transformed many parts of the business world and provides an awareness of the shifting context of modern business. It also provides a basis for appreciating and developing the arts of management, very practice of the craft.

Second, an MBA from a good institution can provide access to a powerful network of contacts: its alumni, friends and supporters.

Third, an MBA from a respected and well-known school provides an entry point for the national and international managerial labour markets.

All three advantages are important in their own right. But access to knowledge about management itself is only a part of the significance of the MBA, although it almost monopolises the attention of some critics, particularly Henry Mintzberg, who says conventional MBA programmes ignore the art and practice of the managerial craft.*

However, the vast majority of MBAs will be entering careers where managing per se will not be an overwhelming part of their work for many years. This is so in consultancy, in many newer economic sectors where enterprises operate with flat hierarchies, and for the majority of those going into the financial sector.

While many critics minimise the advantages to be gained from an insight into newer managerial knowledge, they are wrong to do so. Modern managers need to understand the advances in finance theory, organisational design and information processing that have transformed businesses. In many sectors of the economy, such knowledge is no longer optional.

Not too long ago, much of this cutting edge learning was only available at a few institutions, almost all in the US. For modern finance it was necessary to go to Chicago, Wharton, Rochester, MIT or Stanford, places where the knowledge itself had been created. But the world of knowledge is a democratic one and the new teachings are now available at even the most humble of MBA schools.

But some of the other advantages of the MBA are not so evenly distributed. Only a few schools offer access to really significant multinational business networks, although a few more provide entry to powerful regional ones. Perhaps Harvard and Stanford reign supreme in the former, but Bocconi has no equal for opening doors in Italy, just as the top Spanish schools provide access to the Spanish speaking world.

The same applies to providing access to the top national and international managerial labour markets. This is a benefit that provided the impetus for the post-war expansion of business schools in the US. As business itself became a national rather than a regional phenomenon, so did the market for managerial talent. MBAs undoubtedly promote meritocratic advance and, in the process, change the social composition of business.

This has now become an international phenomenon. MBA programmes are powerful instruments in promoting geographic mobility that would be difficult to achieve by other means.

More than that, the degree has become associated with enabling other forms of mobility. Production managers can move into finance or consultancy to the enrichment of the both. Nowadays, it is the software engineer in the late 20s, seeking a way out of a career with limited opportunities and bringing the latest technical understanding, that can benefit business.

Equally, those who have already worked in consulting or investment banking can prepare to set up their own entrepreneurial ventures.

Not only are these transformations personally enabling, they also enrich the wider economic and business environment, shifting talent to new areas and creating people who can operate in diverse and interdisciplinary contexts.

Yet the critics of the MBA have largely ignored these important labour market roles. For instance, Stanford's Jeffrey Pfeffer, professor of organisational behaviour, makes a great deal of the finding that MBAs seemingly command no salary premium in the consultancy sector over non-MBAs. But he provides no information on the contrasting backgrounds of the two groups.

A top Ivy League or Oxbridge undergraduate degree can still get you into a leading consultancy firms, as does a record of distinguished service in a functional managerial role. But the consultant with the MBA who has worked her way up from humble origins at Nebraska State (or the University of Northumbria) would never be working in the New York office of McKinsey �C or Goldman Sachs �C without that additional qualification.

Of course, some of the concerns with MBAs are right. Even I was critical when a 20-something Stanford MBA working for McKinsey on a pro bono project at the University of Oxford asked how I would measure quantitatively the performance of the Sa?d Business School. Here was a person with an answer that was looking for a problem.

So there is room for improvement, but the MBA is nevertheless a powerful qualification in today's global business world. However, the prospective student needs to reflect carefully on the advantages it offers. For if the interest is largely posited on the networking and labour market benefits, it needs to be recognised that these are only available at a limited number of institutions.

While the knowledge offered by the MBA is much more widely available, the major recruiters only focus on a small number of schools thinly scattered around the world and perhaps even fewer schools offer really worthwhile networks of contacts. This is why MBA rankings have proved so influential. The Financial Times does a reasonably good job in identifying those schools that have clout in the non-knowledge arenas, which is why the London Business School can compete in the rankings with the Nobel Prize winning Chicago Business School. London is perhaps now more firmly established in the recruitment stakes even though it has never been a knowledge creator in the Chicago sense.

Even the guru critics may not really be convinced of their own arguments as most are established publishers of MBA textbooks, providing some of the knowledge on which the MBA enterprise continues to operate. If my reasoning is correct, it will continue to do so, to the advantage of the business community as a whole.

*Henry Mintzberg, Managers Not MBAs, 2004

Professor Anthony Hopwood stepped down as the dean of the Sa?d Business School, University of Oxford, in September 2006 to return to research and writing. He is also the Chairman of The Prince's Foundation for the Built Environment

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ASIAS IMPRESSIVE AIRPORTS

Mon, 12 Nov 2007 00:20:33 GMT

By Raphael Minder

Tuesday, November 06, 2007

On Thursday, there could be a scramble to reach gate F31 at Changi airport in Singapore, where passengers will board the first commercial flight of the new Airbus A380.

But for those who can contain their excitement and choose instead to kick off this historic day for world aviation with a gentle stroll around Changi, there are reasons to be impressed by the airport itself.

Almost 26 years since its opening, Changi continues to collect almost every prize bestowed on airports by the tourism and travel industries (last year alone it grabbed another 25 of these eclectic awards). More silverware should soon be on the way, as Changi prepares to open in January a third, state-of-the-art terminal, as well as to upgrade the original terminal.

Changi, however, is not the only Asian airport to excel. In fact, recently it was beaten to the top spot by Hong Kong in the closely watched survey of passenger satisfaction conducted by Skytrax, the aviation research organisation. Overall, Asian airports took four of the top five positions in the Skytrax survey, with Seoul Incheon and Kuala Lumpur completing the Asian triumph. Munich, at number four, was their leading challenger while Vancouver, which ranked ninth, was the only North American airport in the top 10.

The 7.8m passengers surveyed by Skytrax put ease of airport usage and waiting times at the top of their list of priorities, with a focus on the efficiency of security checks at a time of heightened concern about terrorism. On that level, it is very hard to fault Changi, which operates a decentralised screening system, with all the checking done at individual gates, thereby avoiding the long queues and bottlenecking that has become one of the most irksome aspects of travelling through many of the world's largest airports.

As with almost every aspect of the airport, the Singaporean authorities did not wait for the aftermath of 9/11 to adopt a decentralised screening approach, which requires more staff but makes the process smoother for passengers. ��It's really always been our philosophy to do things well ahead of the demand,�� says Esther Ee from the Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore.

While that might sound like a tired marketing clich��, it is a view endorsed by most pundits and is consistent with the history of Changi's development since 1975, when the Singaporean government agreed to build a new airport. In fact, even the decision to have a third terminal was part of the original master plan for Changi, at a time when Singapore Airlines �C a product of the political divorce between Malaysia and Singapore �C was still in its infancy and Singapore's traffic was just a fraction of what it is today.

Tony Davis, chief executive of Tiger Airways, which is based in Singapore and is one of Asia's fastest growing low-cost carriers, sees a contrast between airport planning in Asia and the ��piecemeal approach�� in Europe. Davis, a former BMI British Midland executive, says: ��European airports have tended to be built when demand arises while Asian airports seem to be built for the future. We build on the basis on what is needed and then get very surprised two years later when we find we need to build again.��

Another case in point is Kuala Lumpur's decision to add a low-cost terminal to help develop AirAsia, the region's biggest budget carrier. Derek Sadubin, chief operating officer at the Centre for Asia Pacific Aviation, a Sydney-based consultancy, says: ��The Malaysians were very quick at identifying AirAsia's requirements and it shows how some of these Asian airports have been excellent in their long-term planning for the growth that is coming. You're seeing this now in the Middle East.��

To be fair to Europeans, however, the building process has also been eased in Asia by the fact that some of the airports have been built on reclaimed land �C triggering less debate over planning permission �C and generally from scratch. Hong Kong opened its new airport on Lantau island in 1998, but has already lost its new-kid-on-the-block status to several other important transit airports in cities such as Bangkok and Kuala Lumpur. In China, meanwhile, 73 airports are under construction and a further 134 projects are being considered.

Stephen Miller, chief executive of Oasis, one of the five airlines that is using the second terminal that opened in Hong Kong in June, says: ��In much of Asia you have been able to start with a clean sheet and that's a huge difference. In places like Heathrow or Frankfurt, it's been about just adding on.��

Asian airports such as Hong Kong and Singapore, where flying occurs around the clock, have also developed their transit business, in part by working hard to promote outside activities for passengers with several hours to kill between flights. Hong Kong recently opened a golf course within walking distance of the airport, while anybody facing a five-hour wait in Changi might consider one of the free guided tours of the city-state that have long been on offer.

Sadubin from CAPA says: ��Airports in this region have generally been part of a broader national economic and tourism strategy. Singapore is the model that has been replicated and used by several other governments.��

Another feature in both Singapore and Hong Kong is what could be deemed the democratisation of its more luxurious facilities, with access to premium lounges as well as activities such as swimming or fitness training open to anybody with a credit card rather than only upper-class passengers.

Fiona Song, business officer for Plaza Premium, a company that runs paying lounges across Asia, expects the concept to gain popularity in regions such as North America, where Plaza Premium now operates in Vancouver. ��I also really think that it makes for better lounges,'' she argues. ��People who pay for something are more demanding and expect better services, otherwise they don't come back.��

Raphael Minder is an FT correspondent based in Hong Kong

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CREAM OF THE CROP

Mon, 12 Nov 2007 00:16:56 GMT

By Edwina Ings-Chambers

Friday, October 19, 2007

Thebeauty landscape has changed in recent years. Time was when a woman had her regular face creams, her tried-and-tested cosmetics, even her signature fragrance, and nothing new that appeared on the market could drive her off course. Now, in an era of countless scientific advances and new product launches, the cosmetics industry is so crowded that brands jostle for our attention by enticing us with limited editions (a solution that can frustrate as much as excite when you can no longer get hold of a favoured ��for three months only!�� product).

ESTEE LAUDER
Signature Product Advanced Night Repair Protective Recovery Complex. Launched in 1982, it is celebrating its 25th anniversary this year.More than 1.3m bottles are sold globally each year and the formula has been updated over time.
Price: £32.
Bestseller Est��e Lauder Double Wear Stay-in-Place Make-up SPF10. This is a long-lasting, lightweight foundation that provides up to 15 hours of coverage. Launched in 1997, more than 466,000 bottles a year are sold.
Price: £22.50.

Most overlooked Youth Dew perfume, introduced in 1953 and recently relaunched by Tom Ford under a new name, Youth Dew Amber Nude .
Price: £35 for 30ml.
www.esteelauder.com

ELIZABETH ARDEN
Signature product Eight Hour Cream, which was launched in the 1930s and originally used to heal the legs of Arden's beloved racehorses. When she discovered that it also helped moisturise and smooth the hands of the horse's grooms, she went to work refining it for customers' use. Nowadays, one tube is sold every 30 seconds worldwide.
Price: £20.

Bestseller Ceramide Plump Perfect Moisturiser with SPF15. Price: £42.
Most overlooked Ceramide Ultra Restorative Capsules, an anti-wrinkle cream with ��plumping benefits��. First sold in 1991, these capsules are meant to promote a firmer appearance of the skin.
Price: £25.
www.elizabetharden.com

AVEDA
Signature product The first product to be launched by Aveda was Clove Shampoo (£21). Nowadays, its Damage Remedy Intensive Treatment �C which contains natural, plant-based ingredients that strengthen hair �C has become equally synonymous with the brand.
Price: £19.

Bestseller Shampure shampoo and conditioner. These complementary products were launched in 1989 .
Price: £9.50 and £10.50.
Most overlooked Pure Abundance Hair Potion, relaunched and reformulated in June 2006, a dry shampoo.
Price: £16.50.
www.aveda.com

BOBBI BROWN
Signature product Her Eye Brightener, for under-eye coverage, £21, and Creamy Concealer, £15, which is packed full of vitamins,helps counteract dark circles under the eyes
Bestseller Shimmer Brick compact in bronze �C a brush-on powder that gives a sun-kissed glow. So popular, it is rarely in stock.
Price: £27.
Most overlooked Long-wear eyeliner �C a gel with the precision of a liquid.
Price: £13.50.
www.bobbibrown.com

BENEFIT
Signature product Lip Plump is one of the company's original products. It produces32 tubes a minute.
Price: £14.50.
Bestseller A lash-lengthening, eye-widening weapon for eyes, Badgal mascara sells 500,000 units a year worldwide .
Price: £14.50.
Most overlooked The new California Kissin' lipgloss has an aqua-blue sheen to make teeth appear whiter, while freshening breath.
Price: £12.50.
www.benefitcosmetics.co.uk. Stockists: tel: +44 0808-238 0230

CLINIQUE
Signature product Dramatically Different Moisturiser is the final step in the brand's renowned Three-Step skincare regimen and is set to celebrate its 40th birthday next year.
Price: £15
Bestseller Dramatically Different Moisturiser, and the new Anti-blemish Solutions Clearing Moisturiser, £15.
Most overlooked Launched 30 years ago, the Aromatics Elixir remains a bestselling fragrance.
Price: £17 for 10ml
www.clinique.com

DIOR
Signature product Rouge Dior Replenishing Lip Colour.The original Rouge Dior was launched in 1955 and relaunched in August 2006.
Price: £16.50.
Bestsellers Rouge Dior sells 3m units worldwide a year, as does Diorshow Mascara.
Price: £18.50.
Most overlooked L'Or de Vie skincare. After the first days of using L'Or de Vie, wrinkles and fine lines are apparently reduced.
Price: L'Or de Vie Extrait, £250; L'Or de Vie Cr��me, £230.
www.dior.com

LANCOME
Singature product Mascaras �C all of them. Hypnose, launched in July 2004, is the bestselling one
Price: £18.50.
Bestseller Bi-Facil Non Oily Cleanser for face and lashes. About 20 an hour are sold in the UK.
Price: £17.50.
Most overlooked The other bestseller, Teint Idole Ultra, is a long-lasting liquid foundation that is still successful two years after its launch.
Price: £25.50.
www.lancome.com

MAC
Signature product Strobe Cream. Launched in 2000, this mix-in cream can be added to moisturiser or foundation to give a subtle glow. It is much favoured by make-up artists.
Price: £19.50.
Bestseller The Spice Lip Line Pencil. Created in 1998, this quickly became a supermodel staple; it sells more than 25,000 per year.
Price: £9
Most overlooked Other top sellers are the Eye Kohl, in Smoulder..
Price: £11.
www.maccosmetics.com]

NARS
Signature product Nars The Multiple. The cream-to-powder formulation, launched in 1995, is a cream stick used as a blusher or highlighter, as well as on eyes and lips.
Price: £27.
Bestseller Since its introduction in 1999, Nars Orgasm Blush has reached cult status for its subtle, shimmering colour that complements every skin tone.
Price: £18.50
Most overlooked Nars Body Glow has a rich, chocolate shimmer and vanilla essence that gives the skin a natural glow and sultry scent.
Price: £43.

YSL
Signature product Touche Eclat. Launched in 1992, this under-eye concealer was quickly hailed as a make-up essential. One is sold every 20 seconds worldwide.
Price: £22.50.
Bestseller Touche Eclat.
Most overlooked Perfect Touch brush foundation, launched this year.
Price: £28.

RIMMEL LONDON
Signature product Hide the Blemish concealer. Launched in 1967, this has become a cult product, with one being sold every 30 seconds.
Price: £3.69.
Bestseller Soft Kohl Eyeliner in black, championed by Kate Moss (and, apparently, not just because she's paid to do so as the face of Rimmel since 2001).
Price: £2.99.
Most overlooked Colour Mousse Eye Shadow. Even though these products are not advertised, their smooth texture ensures they sell well.
Price: £5.49.
www.rimmellondon.com

CREME DE LA MER
Signature product The renowned moisturiser was launched in October 2000 exclusively to Harrods but now can be bought elsewhere. It is still the number one selling beauty brand in Harrods.
Price: £160/60ml.
Bestseller As above.
Most overlooked The company's Cleansing Fluid, made with sea salt, pearl powders and sea algae essences to deeply cleanse and nourish the skin.
Price: £50 for 200ml.

CLARINS
Signature product Clarins Beauty Flash Balm.
Price: £24.
Bestsellers Beauty Flash Balm, and Clarins Hand and Nail Treatment Cream, £16.
Most overlooked Contouring Facial Lift, £33, and Energising Leg Emulsion, £20, to encourage lymph drainage and soothe tired legs.

Yet many classic products survive �C Est��e Lauder's Advanced Night Repair Complex, for example, which is celebrating its 25th anniversary this year. Lauder is so excited about it that they have made a limited-edition bottle. There are only 550 in the world and each comes with a gold commemorative plaque.

We asked leading beauty companies, old and new, to divulge their most classic �C or signature �C product �C their bestselling product and which of their products deserves more praise.

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China allow access to shares in Hong Kong

Mon, 12 Nov 2007 00:13:07 GMT

By Richard McGregor in Beijing and Tom Mitchell in Hong Kong

Monday, November 05, 2007

China has in effect frozen a proposal to allow mainland citizens to buy shares in Hong Kong, a decision that threatens to undercut the recent surge in the former colony's equities market to record highs.

Wen Jiabao, the premier, has attached four conditions to final approval for the scheme, all of which are so open-ended that Beijing could take months, if not longer, to permit it to go ahead.

��[We] should make scientific judgment and analysis on what impact the massive funds flooding into Hong Kong's financial market would have,�� Mr Wen said in a highly unusual intervention delivered to Hong Kong reporters during a visit to Uzbekistan.

His comments cap two months of messy policy infighting over the proposal between rival agencies in Beijing with conflicting interests in management of the country's financial system and capital account.

The ��through-train�� to the Hong Kong stock market was announced in August by the State Administration of Foreign Exchange, a body under the central bank, and sparked an immediate spike in the territory's share prices.

Safe's loosely worded announcement appeared to enable anyone in China to open an account with the Bank of China to buy stocks in Hong Kong, as long as the trades were channelled through the bank's branch in Tianjin, the northern port city.

That came as a surprise to officials in Hong Kong, who had been lobbying for Chinese investors to be allowed to invest in a wide variety of overseas assets, making the territory as much a conduit as a destination.

A Hong Kong official said: ��Our proposal was for Chinese [residents] with foreign exchange to be able to invest in all assets through Hong Kong. Instead it became one bank, one city, one market.��

Safe's proposal also amounted to a huge policy reform in Beijing �C in effect a de facto opening of the closed capital account �C and angered a host of other regulatory agencies.

The securities and banking regulators said they had not been properly consulted and that the implications had not been thoroughly thought through.

The stock and bank regulators fear that billions of dollars in funds would flee both the local share market and lending institutions to take advantage of a rare chance for cash-rich Chinese to invest legally offshore.

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Publicis sees internet bubble

Mon, 12 Nov 2007 00:08:48 GMT

By Andrew Edgecliffe-Johnson in Monte Carlo

Monday, November 12, 2007

Too many new media companies are chasing too little advertising revenue, one of the advertising industry's most senior executives has warned, as fresh questions were raised about the fast-rising valuations of online groups.

��Everyone is seeing advertising as the manna,�� said Maurice L��vy, chairman and chief executive of Publicis, one of the world's largest marketing groups. ��Far too many people are building plans based on advertising and they may well be disappointed because there is not enough money for everyone.��

Speaking at this weekend's Monaco Media Forum, Mr L��vy likened the boom in businesses whose revenue models depended on the continued growth of online advertising to the dotcom boom and bust that began a decade ago.

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$100 OIL WOULD HAVE A BIG POLITICAL IMPACT

Mon, 12 Nov 2007 00:02:03 GMT

By Gideon Rachman

Friday, November 09, 2007

People facing alarming birthdays often say things like: ��Forty is just a number.�� You could say the same about ��$100 oil��. But such benchmarks concentrate minds. As the oil price threatens to break through $100, politicians all over the world will think hard about the strategic consequences.

The biggest single effect is obvious. Oil producers become richer and more powerful. The biggest oil consumers �C the US, China and the European Union �C become increasingly anxious. Beneath that big trend, there are smaller effects that could change the course of some of the most delicate and dangerous international issues �C Iraq, Iran, China's foreign policy and the resurgence of Russia.

The effects of a rising oil price on the economies of the producing countries are dramatic. The Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries made $650bn from oil sales in 2006, compared with $110bn in 1998. Russian oil and gas revenues have quadrupled over the same period.

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Sat, 10 Nov 2007 09:44:27 GMT

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